2024

Vol.31 No.2

Current Issue Archives
Search
Advanced Search
Editorial Office

Review

  • Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
  • Volume 30(4); 2023
  • Article

Review

Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society 2023;30(4):8-16. Published online: Feb, 20, 2024

PDF Full Text XML

DOI : doi.org/10.6117/kmeps.2023.30.4.008

A Review on the Bonding Characteristics of SiCN for Low-temperature Cu Hybrid Bonding

  • Yeonju Kim, Sang Woo Park, Min Seong Jung, Ji Hun Kim, and Jong Kyung Park†
    Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811, Korea
Corresponding author E-mail: jkpark1@seoultech.ac.kr
Abstract

The importance of next-generation packaging technologies is being emphasized as a solution as the miniaturization of devices reaches its limits. To address the bottleneck issue, there is an increasing need for 2.5D and 3D interconnect pitches. This aims to minimize signal delays while meeting requirements such as small size, low power consumption, and a high number of I/Os. Hybrid bonding technology is gaining attention as an alternative to conventional solder bumps due to their limitations such as miniaturization constraints and reliability issues in high-temperature processes. Recently, there has been active research conducted on SiCN to address and enhance the limitations of the Cu/ SiO2 structure. This paper introduces the advantages of Cu/SiCN over the Cu/SiO2 structure, taking into account various deposition conditions including precursor, deposition temperature, and substrate temperature. Additionally, it provides insights into the core mechanisms of SiCN, such as the role of Dangling bonds and OH groups, and the effects of plasma surface treatment, which explain the differences from SiO2. Through this discussion, we aim to ultimately present the achievable advantages of applying the Cu/SiCN hybrid bonding structure.

Keywords 3D IC Package, Hybrid bonding, SiCN Dielectric, Cu/SiCN

REFERENCES
  • R. Wenbiao, et al., "Effects of pattern characteristics on copper CMP", Journal of Semiconductors, 30(4), 046001 (2009).
  • J.-J. Ong, et al., "Low-temperature Cu/SiO2 hybrid bonding with low contact resistance using (111)-oriented Cu surfaces", Materials, 15(5), 1888 (2022).
  • H. Seo, et al., "Cu-SiO2 Hybrid Bonding", Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society, 27(1), 17-24 (2020).
  • H. J. Kim and J. P. Jung, "Artificial Intelligence Semiconductor and Packaging Technology Trend", Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society, 30(3), 11-19 (2023).
  • Y. J. Jang and J. P. Jung, "Scallop-free TSV, Copper Pillar and Hybrid Bonding for 3D Packaging", Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society, 29(4), 1-8 (2022).
  • C. Ventosa, et al., "Hydrophilic low-temperature direct wafer bonding", Journal of Applied Physics, 104(12), 123524 (2008).
  • S. W. Kim, et al., "Permanent wafer bonding in the low temperature by using various plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition dielectrics", 3DIC, 7334576 (2015).
  • S. W. Kim, et al. "International 3D Systems Integration Conference (3D-IC).", TS7 2 (2015): 2015.
  • J. Robertson, "Diamond-like amorphous carbon", Materials science and engineering: R: Reports, 37(4-6), 129-281 (2002).
  • L. Peng, et al., "Investigation of Paramagnetic Defects in SiCN and SiCO-based Wafer Bonding", in 2020 IEEE 22nd Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC), 9315054 (2020).
  • ITRS 2011, Interconnect: http://www.itrs.net
  • S.-W. Kim, et al., "Novel Cu/SiCN surface topography control for 1 ㎛ pitch hybrid wafer-to-wafer bonding", 2020 IEEE 70th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC), 00046 (2020).
  • S.-A. Chew, et al., "700nm pitch Cu/SiCN wafer-to-wafer hybrid bonding", 2022 IEEE 24th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC), 10013108, (2022).
  • E. Beyne, et al., "Scalable, sub 2㎛ pitch, Cu/SiCN to Cu/SiCN Hybrid Wafer-to-wafer Bonding Technology", 2017 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM), 8268486, 729-732 (2017).
  • A. Roshanghias, et al., "3D Integration via D2D Bump-Less Cu Bonding with Protruded and Recessed Topographies", ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, 12(8), 084001(2023).
  • Iacovo, et al., "The unique properties of SiCN as bonding material for hybrid bonding", 2021 7th International Workshop on Low Temperature Bonding for 3D Integration (LTB-3D), 9598192 (2021).
  • T. Ueda, et al., "A novel role for SiCN to suppress H2O out-gas from TEOS oxide films in hybrid bonding", 2017 IEEE International Interconnect Technology Conference (IITC), 7968945 (2017).
  • F. Inoue, et al., "Influence of Composition of SiCN Film for Surface Activated Bonding", ECS Transactions, 86(5), 159 (2018).
  • S. Chattopadhyay, et al., "Thermal diffusivity in amorphous silicon carbon nitride thin films by the traveling wave technique", Applied Physics Letters, 79(3), 332-334 (2001).
  • Q.-Y. Tong, et al., "Thickness Considerations in Direct Silicon Wafer Bonding", Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 142(11), 3975-3979 (1995).
  • F. Nagano, et al., "Film characterization of low-temperature silicon carbon nitride for direct bonding applications", ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, 9(12), 123011 (2020).
  • X. F. Brun, et al., "Characterization of 300 mm Low Temperature SiCN PVD Films for Hybrid Bonding application", 2023 IEEE 73rd Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC), 00098 (2023).
  • E. Xie, et al., "Preparation and characterization of SiCN films. Optical Materials", 23(1-2), 151-156 (2003).
  • K. B. Sundaram, and J. Alizadeh, "Deposition and optical studies of silicon carbide nitride thin films", Thin Solid Films, 370(1-2), 151-154 (2000).
  • X.-C. Xiao, et al. "Structural analysis and microstructural observation of SiCxNy films prepared by reactive sputtering of SiC in N2 and Ar", Applied Surface Science 156(1-4) 155 (2000).
  • W. Zhang, et al., "Influence of temperature on the properties of SiCxNy: H films prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition", Materials Science and Engineering: B, 26(2-3), 133 (1994).
  • A. Bendeddouche, et al., "Structural characterization of amorphous SiC x N y chemical vapor deposited coatings", Journal of Applied Physics, 81(9), 6147 (1997).
  • W. F. A. Besling, et al., "Laser-induced chemical vapor deposition of nanostructured silicon carbonitride thin films", Journal of applied physics, 83(1), 544 (1998).
  • R. Alexandrescu, et al., "Composite ceramic powders obtained by laser induced reactions of silane and amines", Journal of materials research, 6(11), 2442 (1991).
  • Q.-Y. Tong, et al., "Low temperature direct wafer bonding", Journal of Microelectromechnical Systems, 3(1), 29-35 (1994).
  • Q.-Y. Tong, et al., "The role of surface chemistry in bonding of standard silicon wafers", Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 144(1), 384-389 (1997).
  • C. Sabbione, et al., "Low temperature direct bonding mechanisms of tetraethyl orthosilicate based silicon oxide films deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition", Journal of Applied Physics, 112(6), 063501 (2012).
  • L. Peng, et al., "Advances in SiCN-SiCN bonding with high accuracy wafer-to-wafer (w2w) stacking technology", 2018 IEEE International Interconnect Technology Conference (IITC), (2018).
  • D. Y. C. Lie, et al., "Si/SiGe heterostructures for Si-based nanoelectronics", Handbook of Advanced Electronic and Photonic Materials and Devices, 2, 1-65 (2001).
  • Chen, C., et al., "The affinity of Si-N and Si-C bonding in amorphous silicon carbon nitride (a-SiCN) thin film", Diamond and Related Materials, 14(3-7), 1126-1130 (2005).
  • H. C. Lo, et al., "Bonding characterization and nano-indentation study of the amorphous SiCxNy films with and without hydrogen incorporation", Diamond and related materials, 10(9-10), 1916 (2001).
  • F. Nagano, et al., "Origin of Voids at the SiO2/SiO2 and SiCN/SiCN Bonding Interface Using Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy and Electron Spin Resonance", ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, 12(3), 033002 (2023).
  • L. Peng, et al., "Development of multi-stack dielectric wafer bonding", IEEE 17th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT), 7583082 (2016).
  • S. Son, et al., "Characteristics of plasma-activated dielectric film surfaces for direct wafer bonding", 2020 IEEE 70th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC), 00315 (2020).